In this paper governing aeroelastic equations of the two degree of freedom airfoil containing cubic nonlinearity in an incompressible flow are presented in the both time and frequency domains.Numerical solution and harmonic balance methods are applied for the solution of govening aeroelastic equations in the time domain to obtain amplitude and frequency of limit cycle oscillations (LCO). Also, describing function method is modified and presented for the pediction of theLCO amplitude and frequency in the frequency domain.LCO frequency and amplitude are obtained via applying three methods as harmonic balance, describing function and numerical solution methods for two different cases. Comparision between the results of these three methods shows a very good agreement.

Introduction: Solid waste is one of the unavoidable products of every society that necessitates the establishment of municipal solid waste management system. Because of variability in quantity and composition of municipal solid wastes, several management scenarios are considered. Assessing the environmental impacts of the life cycle of these scenarios will have a significant role in reducing and resolving urban service management problems. The aim of this study was to compare different scenarios of municipal solid waste management in Sirjan city using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. LCA methodology is used to evaluate the environmental performance of the waste management of Sirjan for different scenarios, according to the ISO standards 14040 series 2006...

The dynamic Systems behaviours are investigating using the fourier tansform of data, the puankaveh surfaces, Iyapunov exponents Calculations and attractor diemsion Study in phazzy space.At the among of mentioned methods, the Iyapunov exponents Calculations are suitable method Contrary to the Iyapunov exponents Calculations for the existing equation of the behavioures of the systems, the using of the mentioned method for the laboratory investigations is very difficult. In this work, the Iynpunov exponent Calculation estimated using Eckmonn method.

Introduction: For evidence based decision-making and designing more accurate health system planes for effective prevention on drug dependency, incidence rate and time trend of number of new cases are necessary. This survey was conducted based on data of Kerman drug detoxification agencies in order to determine the time trend of incidence rate of opioid dependency and the effects of various factors on lag time (the time between onset of substance use and first treatment request). Method: In this retrospective cohort study, 4309 opioid users visiting Kerman Welfare Organization between 1997 and 2004 were analyzed. Subgroups were shaped according to the first year of consumption. Estimated incidence of addiction was determined by using backward Calculation method. The Effect of various factors on lag time was calculated by multivariable regression method. Results: Relative incidence of addiction between 1997 and 1999 was increased by 70% annually, followed by a slightly decrease to 540 persons in 2000. The minimum estimated number was seen in 2003 (400 cases) and it peaked to the maximum in the next year (1145 cases). The average of lag time was 7.98±6.47 years with median 6 years. The lag time of opium users was 7.81±6.48 and for opium syrup – a liquid prepared from the ashes of smoked opium – users was 8.32±6.17 years (p=0.001). Individuals who have consumed both opium and opium syrup simultaneously, had a more lag (p=0.0001). Men with lag time of 8.1±6.41 years, had a significant longer lag time than women (7.05± 6.78 years).In compare with cases with 20-30 ages (7.86±6.38 years) and cases older than 30 years (7.7±6.44 years), the lag time for persons less than 20 years old (8.62± 6.68 years) was significantly more (p=0.0001). The lag time for illiterates (10.73±7.59 years) was more than cases with academic education (7.87±7.27 years). The lag time for married persons (8.87±6.8 years) was significantly more than singles (4.9±3.76 years). Conclusion: Time trend of addiction can be divided into two parts in recent years. First part is from 1997 to 1999; in this period the number of new cases of addiction increased but from 2000 to 2002 it is fairly constant. Some factors such as being women, younger, more literate, single and simply opium users have a negative correlation with lag time.

The phase field method integrates the Griffith theory and damage mechanics approach to predict crack initiation, propagation, and branching within one framework. No crack tracking topology is needed, and complex crack shapes can be captures without user intervention. In this paper, a detailed description of how the phase field method is implemented with explicit dynamics into LS-DYNA is provided. The displacement field and the damage field are solved in a staggered approach and the phase field equation is solved every Nth time step (N is refered to as Calculation cycle) to save computational time. An N value smaller than 1⁄ 400 of the total time step numbers is suggested. Several simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this solving scheme.